1. (a) With the aid of a labeled sketch, describe an apparatusfor the generation of x-rays.
(b) With the aid of labeled sketches, describe the three primaryphysical mechanisms for the absorption of x-rays in solids.
(c) Make a sketch of a typical x-ray spectrum generated by ahospital apparatus, labeling three primary features of thespectrum.
(d) For an x-ray apparatus containing a molybdenum target ofatomic number, z = 42:
(i) What is the wavelength for the shortest characteristic x-rayemission? You may use the relationship for the energy of a quantumstate, ???? = ?13.6???? (?? ? 1) 2 ?? 2 ? where z is the atomicnumber of an element, n is the quantum state number where n = 1represents the ground state.
(ii) Where the accelerating potential is 60 keV, what is theminimum wavelength of emission?
(iii) If the accelerating potential is increased, explainwhether the wavelengths of the K? and K? lines increase, decrease,or remain the same?
