1. Crude oil flows through an uphill section of the Keystonepipeline at a rate of 2.94 m3 /s (equivalent to 1.6 million barrelsof day). The average elevation gain in the section of pipeline is10 m per kilometer. The pipe diameter is 1.2m. The maximumallowable pressure in the pipe (at the inlet) is 8.27 MPa; theminimum pressure (at the exit) required is 3.45kPa. The crude oilhas density 930kg/m3 and a dynamic viscosity of 1.68×10-2 Pa.s. Forabove condition consider the surface roughness factor is 0.26 mm.Determine the maximum possible distance between pumping stationwith and without elevation gain. Use Haaland equation for frictionfactor.
