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  3. 1. define the terms \"geodetic height\", \"geoidal

1. Define the terms \"geodetic height\", \"geoidal height\", and \"orthometric height\", present the equation that expresses...

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Civil Engineering

1. Define the terms \"geodetic height\", \"geoidal height\", and\"orthometric height\", present the equation that expresses therelationship between the geodetic height and orthometric height,and state which one these heights are measured by GNSS surveymethod.

2. What are the geocentric coordinates in meters of a stationwhich has a latitude of 44°53′52.1918′′ N, a longitude of68°40′07.3487′′ W and height of 130.405 m (use the WGS84ellipsoidal parameters)?

3. The geodetic heights of two stations are 324.685 m and309.879 m, and their orthometric heights are 356.496 m and 341.707m, respectively. These stations have model-derived geoid heights of−31.828 and −31.836, respectively. What is the orthometric heightof a station with a GNSS measured height of 305.645 m and amodel-derived geoid height of −31.802 m?

4. A GNSS survey has a reported error of ±(12mm + 2ppm) at a 95%probability. What is the error for a control baseline with a lengthof 4 miles at the 95% probability?

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