1)
Which of the following is/are true for both graded potentialsand action potentials?
| a. | Effective for communicating over long distances |
| b. | Initiated by transmembrane channel proteins |
| c. | Exhibit relative and absolute refractory periods |
| d. | both a) and b) are correct, and c) is incorrect |
| e. | a), b) and c) are all correct |
2)
Which of the following statements about Ion channel activityduring the action potential is/are correct?
| a. | At the peak of an action potential, Na+ channelactivation gates are open, Na+ channel inactivationgates are closing, and activation gates for K+ channelsare opening. |
| b. | At resting membrane potential, most voltage-gated Na+and K+ channels are in the closed configuration. |
| c. | During repolarization the activation gates of most voltage-gatedK+ and Na+ channels are open. |
| d. | both a) and b) are correct, and c) is incorrect |
| e. | a), b) and c) are all correct |
