1. Why do fats provide more energy per molecule than glucose?Explain your answer in terms
of the electrons extracted during the process of cellularrespiration.
2. A rare, frameshift genetic mutation can alter the structureof the Pyruvate Dehydrogenase
Complex such that it no longer functions within the cell.Describe what parts of the process
of cellular respiration would be impacted due to thisnon-functional enzyme.
3. The citric acid cycle functions to completely oxidizeglucose in the presence of oxygen,
allowing for a large amount of ATP to be produced within thecell through oxidative
phosphorylation. Free oxygen did not always exist within theatmosphere of Earth, meaning
that early life forms relied solely on glycolysis andfermentation to extract energy from
macromolecules. What role did the increase in atmosphericoxygen play in the evolution of
life on Earth? Frame your answer in terms of the energyderived from cellular respiration in
the presence and absence of oxygen.
