15.) The gallbladder is an intriguing if often overlooked organthat stores bile for the liver in a variety of vertebrates. Abiochemically interesting aspect of the gallbladder is that it isone of the few places in the body that regularly has a basic pH. Tostudy enzymatic processes that occur there, appropriate pHconditions must be replicated. The complicating aspect is that thepH is not uniform throughout the entirety of the gallbladdersystem, where it can range from pH 7.6 to pH 8.5. Conveniently, thebuffer range of the H(Tris)+/Tris conjugate pair overlaps well withthis system, having a pKa of 8.02. This pKa is convenient to manybiological systems, hence its use as a buffer for manyexperiments.a)What is the full buffer range of the H(Tris)+/Trissystem?b)Describe the preparation of two Tris buffer solutions, onefor the high end and one for the low end of the gallbladder pH.Make both buffers to a total buffer concentration of 0.110 M with avolume of 1 liter.
