1.Normal fertilization requires changes in the membraneorganization of both sperm and oocyte and penetration of the oocyteby a single spermatozoon.
a. What physical, cellular and biochemical molecular processesare necessary for the succesful passage of a spem from theoutermost portion of the cumulus oophorus to the oocytemembrane?
b. How does the human sperm nucleus move in the cytoplasm andwhy does it facilitate the juxtaposition of the material andpaternal pronuclei?
c. why is the orientation of pronuclear DNA critical forembryogenesis to proceed and how does it promote pronuclearmembrane breakdown (syngamy)
d. What specific defects in the above processes have been shownto result in fertilization or early developmental failure?
