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3. Income statement

The income statement, also known as the profit and loss (P&L) statement, provides a snapshot of the financial performance of a company during a specified period of time. It reports a firms gross income, expenses, net income, and the income that is available for distribution to its preferred and common shareholders.

The income statement is prepared using the generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) that match the firms revenues and expenses to the period in which they were incurred, not necessarily when cash was received or paid. Investors and analysts use the information given in the income statement and other financial statements and reports to evaluate the companys financial performance and condition.

Consider the following scenario:

Cold Goose Metal Works Inc.s income statement reports data for its first year of operation. The firms CEO would like sales to increase by 25% next year.

1.	Cold Goose is able to achieve this level of increased sales, but its interest costs increase from 10% to 15% of earnings before interest and taxes (EBIT).
2.	The companys operating costs (excluding depreciation and amortization) remain at 75% of net sales, and its depreciation and amortization expenses remain constant from year to year.
3.	The companys tax rate remains constant at 25% of its pre-tax income or earnings before taxes (EBT).
4.	In Year 2, Cold Goose expects to pay $300,000 and $1,172,601 of preferred and common stock dividends, respectively.

Complete the Year 2 income statement data for Cold Goose, then answer the questions that follow. Be sure to round each dollar value to the nearest whole dollar.

	Cold Goose Metal Works Inc.
	Income Statement for Year Ending December 31
	Year 1	Year 2 (Forecasted)
Net sales	$15,000,000
Less: Operating costs, except depreciation and amortization	11,250,000
Less: Depreciation and amortization expenses	600,000	600,000
Operating income (or EBIT)	$3,150,000
Less: Interest expense	315,000
Pre-tax income (or EBT)	2,835,000
Less: Taxes (25%)	708,750
Earnings after taxes	$2,126,250
Less: Preferred stock dividends	300,000
Earnings available to common shareholders	1,826,250
Less: Common stock dividends	956,813
Contribution to retained earnings	$869,437	$1,133,180

Given the results of the previous income statement calculations, complete the following statements:

	In Year 2, if Cold Goose has 25,000 shares of preferred stock issued and outstanding, then each preferred share should expect to receive in annual dividends.
	If Cold Goose has 200,000 shares of common stock issued and outstanding, then the firms earnings per share (EPS) is expected to change from in Year 1 to in Year 2.
	Cold Gooses earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization (EBITDA) value changed from in Year 1 to in Year 2.
	It is to say that Cold Gooses net inflows and outflows of cash at the end of Years 1 and 2 are equal to the companys annual contribution to retained earnings, $869,437 and $1,133,180, respectively. This is because of the items reported in the income statement involve payments and receipts of cash.

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