A researcher is interested in knowing whether early childhoodeducation has an impact on graduate earnings. She finds 14published studies that have tested the null hypothesis that thereis no impact. Since the studies were conducted at different timesin different countries, it is reasonable to assume that the samplesare statistically independent.
Assuming that there is in fact no relationship between earlychildhood education and graduate earnings, what is the probabilitythat at least one of the 14 studies will reject the null hypothesisat a 10% significance level?