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1. Among frequency distributions for physical stamina scores, thegreatest variability probably would occur in the distribution for
   1. well‑trained athletes.
   2. patients at a health clinic.
   3. infants.
   4. the general population.

1. When calculating the variance, each deviation is squared inorder to
   1. eliminate negative signs from deviation scores.
   2. generate squared units of measurement.
   3. emphasize the contributions of larger deviations.
   4. attain all of the above.

1. Five children are tested for IQ and their scores are: 110, 160,100, 100, 110. What is the best way to describe the centraltendency of these scores?
   1. the mode
   2. the median
   3. the mean
   4. the range

1. Knowing the standard deviation of a set of scores, it ispossible to calculate
   1. range
   2. variance
   3. the mean
   4. the frequency distribution

1. When summarizing data, why is it important to report both themean and the standard deviation?
   1. two sets of data could have the same mean but different amountsof variability
   2. this way both descriptive and inferential statistics arecovered
   3. this way the null hypothesis can be evaluated
   4. this enables the researcher to avoid Type I and Type IIerrors

1. Indicate which one of the following sets of observations hasthe larger standard deviation. (Calculations aren't necessary toanswer this question.)
   1. 4045, 4050, 4055
   2. 5, 20, 35
   3. 530, 540, 550
   4. 988, 1000, 1012

1. If the distribution of weekly study times reported by collegestudents has a mean of 25 hours with a standard deviation of 10hours, this implies that
   1. a small minority study either less than 5 hours or more than 45hours.
   2. a majority study between 15 and 35 hours.
   3. individuals deviate, on the average, approximately 10 hoursfrom the mean of 25 hours.
   4. all of the above

1. A key property of the interquartile range is its
   1. resistance to the distorting effect of extremeobservations.   
   2. sensitivity to all observations.
   3. sensitivity to extreme observations.
   4. use of information from only two observations.

1. If the normal curve is used to describe the distribution of IQscores for all currently enrolled students in U.S. colleges anduniversities, all students are identified with the
   1. smooth normal curve.
   2. total area under the normal curve.
   3. maximum height of the normal curve.
   4. horizontal axis.

1. Since the normal curve never actually touches the horizontalaxis,
   1. most of the area is in its extremities.
   2. the total area is infinitely large.
   3. the normal tables are only approximate.
   4. very extreme observations are possible.          

1. Any particular normal curve is transformed into a new normalcurve whenever changes occur in
   1. itsmean.                   
   2. its standarddeviation.          
   3. both its mean and its standarddeviation.                   
   4. either its mean or its standard deviation.

1. For any z score, the corresponding proportions incolumns B and C always sum to
   1. 1.0000
   2. 0.5000
   3. 0.0000
   4. the value of z.

1. If a positively skewed distribution of incomes is transformedinto a distribution of z scores, the shape of the newdistribution will be
   1. normal.
   2. positively skewed.
   3. intermediate between normal and positively skewed.
   4. standard normal.

1. Which of the following test scores would be the mostpreferable on a psychology exam?
   1. a score of 40 in a distribution with a mean of 35 and astandard deviation of 5
   2. a score of 36 in a distribution with a mean of 30 and astandard deviation of 4
   3. a score of 30 in a distribution with a mean of 24 and astandard deviation of 2
   4. a score of 25 in a distribution with a mean of 15 and astandard deviation of 4

1. Transformations from z scores to other types ofstandard scores
   1. change the shape of the original distribution, but not therelative standing of any test score within the distribution.
   2. change the relative standing of any test score within theoriginal distribution, but not the shape of the distribution.
   3. change both the shape of the original distribution and therelative standing of any test score within the distribution.
   4. change neither the shape of the original distribution nor therelative standing of any test score within the distribution.