Case Study: A 40-year old woman experiences pain in the right‘flank’ region of her body. At first she thinks that the pain is aresult of a ‘pulled muscle’ following a session at her local gymand tries to ignore it. However, the pain gets worse and she can nolonger tolerate it so she goes to her local hospital.
A CT scan shows that she has nephrolithiasis or kidney stoneformation.
Questions:
1. Describe the gross anatomy of the right kidney. [8 marks]
2. Explain the process of formation of kidney stones. [4marks]
3. State one major cause of kidney stone formation. [1 mark]
4. Describe the anatomical location in the kidney where kidneysstones typically form. [2 marks]
5. Describe the anatomical site where the stones are most likelyto cause pain, and why this is the case. [3 marks]
6. Outline the possible consequences of the stones reaching thebladder. [2 marks]
