CH 9.4: Describe the EMS software tools used by systemoperators.
CH 9.5: Explain how synchro phasors and Wide Area MonitoringSystems help system reliability and security
CH 9.6: Describe the types of telecommunications systems used bypower companies
CH 9.7: Discuss how advances in digital substation equipment andautomation impacts efficiencies in system control, equipmentwiring, and functionality capabilities.