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Direct labor or machine hours may not be the appropriate cost driver for overhead in all areas of manufacturing due to the complexities of many manufacturing processes. Many companies use activity-based costing (ABC) which uses multiple drivers (items that consume resources) rather than just one driver to apply overhead to their activities. With ABC, a company can use a cost driver that has a direct cause/effect relationship in its applied overhead costs. Waterways looked into ABC as a method of costing because of the variety of items it produces and the many different activities in which it is involved. The activities listed below area sample of possible cost pools for Waterways. Assembling Billing Digging trenches Janitorial Machine maintenance Machine setups Molding Packaging Payroll Plant supervision Product design Purchasing materials Selling Testing Welding Using the following information, determine the overhead rates and the actual cost assigned for each of the activity cost pools in a possible ABC system for Waterways. (Round answers to 2 decimal places, e.g. 12.25.) WATERWAYS CORPORATION Activity Cost Pools Irrigation installation Machining (all machine use) Customer orders Shipping Design Selling Cost Drivers Labor cost Machine hours Number of orders none (direct) Cost per design Number of sales calls Estimated Overhead $1,914,030 1,830,900 30,030 N/A 792 340,800 Expected Use of Cost Drivers per Activity 12,510 36,618,000 2,310 N/A Actual Use of Drivers 12,493 36,619,000 2,283 traced directly 7 21,500 8 21,300 WATERWAYS CORPORATION Activity- Based Overhead Rates Activity Cost Pools Irrigation installation Actual Cost Assigned $ $ Machining (all machine use) Customer orders Design Selling How would you classify each of the following activities by level-unit level, batch level, product level, or facility level? Testing of products (if all items are tested) Testing of products (if all items are not tested) > Designing new products Molding Assembling > Depreciation > Machine maintenance

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