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Explain individualistic culture, collectivist culture, and “tight or loose” culture, providing the main characteristics for each culture...

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Operations Management

Explain individualistic culture, collectivist culture, and“tight or loose” culture, providing the main characteristics foreach culture and supporting your answer with examples and citationsfrom recent published articles (950-1000 words, 60 marks)

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Solutionindividualistic cultures are those that stress the needs of theindividual over the needs of the group as a whole In this type ofculture people are seen as independent and autonomous Socialbehavior tends to be dictated by the attitudes and preferences ofindividuals Cultures in North America and Western Europe tend tobe individualisticIndividualistic Culture TraitsChances are you have probably heard the terms individualisticand collectivist cultures before often in the context of notingbehavior and attitude differences between the two types ofsocieties So what exactly makes individualistic cultures differentfrom collectivist onesA few common characteristics of individualistic culturesincludeBeing dependent upon others is often considered shameful orembarrassingIndependence is highly valuedIndividual rights take center stagePeople often place a greater emphasis on standing out and beinguniquePeople tend to be selfreliantThe rights of individuals tend to take a higher precedenceThe Effects of Individualistic Cultures on BehaviorThe effect that culture has on individual behavior is a majortopic of interest in the field of crosscultural psychologyCrosscultural psychologists study how different cultural factorsinfluence individual behavior They often focus on things that areuniversal among different cultures of the world as well asdifferences among societiesOne interesting phenomenon that crosscultural psychologistshave observed is how people from individualist cultures describethemselves compared to how those from collectivist culturesdescribe themselvesPeople from individualist societies have selfconcepts that aremore focused on independence rather than interdependence As aresult they tend to describe themselves in terms of their uniquepersonal characteristics and traits2Collectivist cultures emphasize the needs and goals of the groupas a whole over the needs and desires of each individual In suchcultures relationships with other members of the group and theinterconnectedness between people play a central role in eachpersons identityCultures in Asia Central America South America and Africatend to be more collectivistic Countries considered collectivisticinclude Japan China Korea Taiwan Venezuela    See Answer
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