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Grady and Associates performs a variety of activities related to information systems and e-commerce consulting in Toronto, Canada. The firm, which bills $164 per hour for services performed, is in a very tight local labor market and is having difficulty finding quality help for its overworked professional staff. The cost per hour for professional staff time is $74. Selected information follows.

Billable hours to clients for the year totaled 8,400, consisting of information systems services, 5,040; e-commerce consulting, 3,360.

Administrative cost of $417,760 was (and continues to be) allocated to both services based on billable hours. These costs consist of staff support, $222,840; in-house computing, $157,000; and miscellaneous office charges, $37,920.

A recent analysis of staff support costs found a correlation with the number of clients served. In-house computing and miscellaneous office charges varied directly with the number of computer hours logged and number of client transactions, respectively. A tabulation revealed the following data:

Descriptions	Information Systems Services	E-Commerce Consulting	Total
Number of clients	255	75	330
Number of computer hours	3,740	2,340	6,080
Number of client transactions	720	840	1,560

Required:

1. Assume that the firm uses traditional costing procedures, allocating total costs on the basis of billable hours. Determine the profitability of the firms information systems and e-commerce activities, expressing your answer both in dollars and as a percentage of activity revenue.

2. Assume that the firm uses activity-based costing. Determine the profitability of the firms information systems and e-commerce activities, expressing your answer both in dollars and as a percentage of activity revenue.

3. Jeffrey Grady, one of the firms partners, doesnt care where his professionals spend their time because, as he notes, many clients have come to expect both services and we need both to stay in business. Also, information systems and e-commerce professionals are paid the same hourly rate. Should Gradys attitude change?

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