The heart is capable of utilizing all classes of energysubstrates including carbohydrates lipids amino acids and ketonebodies for ATP production in the mitochondrion Figure 1 fordetails see reviews13 Mitochondria occupy one third of the cellvolume in cardiac myocytes making them the cell type with thehighest mitochondria content4 The robustness of cardiac metabolismis reflected by its highest oxygen consumption rate on
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