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Here are four problems (5 pts each) involving the calculation ofDG°' for metabolic reactions we have discussed, based onexperimentally determined redox potentials. Calculate theDG°' for each reaction using the equation DG°' =-nFDE₀' and the values forE₀' given in Table 1. Showyour work and circle your answer.

Table 1. Reduction potentials for reductionhalf reactions:

1/2 O₂ + 2H⁺ + 2e^- ®H₂O                                             E₀' = +0.82 V

fumarate + 2H⁺ + 2e^- ®succinate                                 E₀' = +0.03 V

oxaloacetate + 2H⁺ + 2e^- ®malate                               E₀' = -0.17 V

pyruvate + 2H⁺ + 2e^- ®lactate                                    E₀' = -0.19 V

a-ketoglutarate + CO₂ + 2H⁺ +2e^- ® isocitrate             E₀' = -0.38 V

FAD + 2H⁺ + 2e^- ®FADH₂                                           E₀' = -0.22 V

NAD⁺ + 2H⁺ + 2e^- ®NADH +H⁺                                  E₀' = -0.32 V

CoQ + 2H⁺ + 2e^- ®CoQH₂                                           E₀' = +0.06 V

Problem 3. malate + NAD⁺ ®oxaloacetate + NADH + H⁺

Problem 4. FADH₂ + CoQ ® FAD +CoQH₂