Imagine you are a tetrapod ancestor about to leave thefreshwater pond you’ve always inhabited and invade land. Considerthe ventilatory and osmoregulatory challenges you have to face whenyou switch from a water environment to a terrestrial environment.How can you acclimate to the new habitat to succeed during your ownlifetime? What adaptive changes does your species need to make inorder to dominate various terrestrial environments for millions ofyears to come?