In another case –control study researchers investigated cleftlip with or without cleft palate by smoking status in thoseparticipants who reported consuming folic acid supplements. In thissub-group there were 42 cases of cleft lip with or without cleftpalate and 55 controls who were current smokers; and there were 72cases of cleft lip with or without cleft palate and 190 controlswho were non-smokers.”
(a) “Construct a 2x2 table with columns and rows headingsand calculate an appropriate measure of thestrength of association between smoking and cleft lip with orwithout cleft palate in those who consumed folic acid supplementsduring pregnancy.” [4 marks]
b) “Interpret the findings in (a) in your own words.” [2marks]
c) “What proportion of cleft lip with orwithout cleft palate in the population ispotentially preventable, assuming a causal association betweensmoking and cleft lip.”[4 marks] explain in words yourfindings
