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Information on smoking status, 599976.454 had smoked at somepoint in their livez. Over the subsequent 10 years, 650 of theseTris men (8. Awa had a nyyocanditi tharction (Mil). a. What is themeasurement level of the two wables "smoking status" and "mocardalinflarction? Both are nominal. i. Both are ratio. ?. MyocardialInfarction is ratio, and smoking status is nominal. i. Myocardialinfarction is nominal, and smoking status is ratio. Please read thefollowing excerpt: Franz Messerli of Columbia University startedwondering about the Authen Charlotte Prichard Dute: November 2012chocolate after reading that cocoa was good for you. One papersuggests regular cocoa intake led to 1 mproved mental function inelderly patients w. mild cognitive impairment, a condition which isoften a precursor to deme "There is data in rats showing that theylive longer and have better cognitive he recalls. function whenthey eat chocolate, and even in mails you can show that the memoryis actually improved," he says. So Messerli took the number ofNobel Prize winners in a country as an indicator of generalnational intelligence and compared that with the chocolateconsumption. b. What is the measurement level of the two variables"number of Nobel Prize winners" and "nation's chocolateconsumption?" i. Both are nominal. ii. Both are ratio. 16. Numberof Nobel Prize winners is ratio, and chocolate consumption isnominal. iv. Number of Nobel Prize winners is nominal, andchocolate consumption is ratio. Beyond the Numbers: AStudent-Centered Approach for Learning Statistical Reasoni-

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