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Since these microorganisms contaminate the earth, we need aprotocol to disinfect the spaceship. The microbes that are found onspace ships are the organisms that survived the trip from spacesand can survive in both space and earth environments. In a biofilmon a deep-sea hydrothermal vent, microorganisms survive attemperatures above 100C. If a sample were to be taken from thebiofilm, many of the microbes would die on their way up to sealevel, since it is not their ideal environment.
To disinfect a spaceship, we can use gaseous sterilants sincethey will denature the proteins in the microorganisms. Once theprotein is denatured, the microbe can no longer function. A gaschamber large enough to fit the spaceship can be designed to housethe spaceship and disinfect it until its next use.