s science progressive, or does it simply change over time withno discernible improvement? Please present the views of Lakatos andKuhn concerning this issue, and attempt to determine whether ascientific change is rationally appraisable (e.g. think about“theory choice†and the Criteria of Adequacy). Another way oflooking at this issue is to ask whether science admits of a generalmethod for the production of satisfactory results, or whether itsmethodological characteristics shift and undergo irrevocablemetamorphosis over time. An adequate response to this question willexplore the degree to which the history of science (which isordinarily thought of as a descriptive undertaking) can provide uswith normative directives.
