Scenario: DW is a 65-year-old, 135 kgmale who visited his primary care physician for a routineexamination. His blood pressure was 158/100 mmHg and his heart ratewas 71 bpm. Stroke volume and cardiac output were normal. Serumrenin levels were in the normal range.  A chest x-rayrevealed left ventricular hypertrophy. Other clinical findings wereunremarkable.
For this problem, pharmacologictherapies include diuretics, ACE inhibitors, beta-adrenergicreceptor antagonists, and vasodilators. Explain the physiologicaleffects on the cardiovascular system for each of these 4 classes ofdrugs and why these could be helpful.
