Think of a password 8 character long which uses atlast one lower-case letter, one capital letter, and one number, butuses none more than once.
What's your password?
How many possible permutations are there for an 8character password which meets those criteria?
How many fewer combinations without regard to orderare there for an 8 character password which meets thoserequirements.
How would you calculate how many permutations thereare for an 8 to 12 character password which meets thosecriteria?