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why is the thyroid glad most important in the endocrine system ? Explain why and defend...

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Medical Sciences

why is the thyroid glad most important in the endocrine system ?Explain why and defend your answer. Your response should be aminimum of 100 words, with in-text citations and references.

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Thyroid hormones have two major effects on the body I To increase basal metabolic rate II To stimulate growth in children The actions of thyroid hormones are 1 ACTION ON BASAL METABOLIC RATE BMR Thyroxine increases the metabolic activities in most of the body tissues except brain retina spleen testes and lungs It increases BMR by increasing the oxygen consumption of the tissues The action that increases the BMR is called calorigenic action In hyperthyroidism BMR increases by about 60 to 100 above the normal level and in hypothyroidism it falls by 20 to 40 below the normal level 2 ACTION ON PROTEIN METABOLISM Thyroid hormone increases the synthesis of proteins in the cells The protein synthesis is accelerated by the following ways i By Increasing the Translation of RNA ii By Increasing the Transcription of DNA to RNA iii By Increasing the Activity of Mitochondria iv By Increasing the Activity of Cellular Enzymes 3 ACTION ON CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM Thyroxine stimulates almost all processes involved in the metabolism of carbohydrate Thyroxine i Increases the absorption of glucose from GI tract ii Enhancestheglucoseuptakebythecellsby accelerating the transport of glucose through the cell membrane iii Increases the breakdown of glycogen into glucose iv Accelerates gluconeogenesis 4 ACTION ON FAT METABOLISM Thyroxine decreases the fat storage by mobilizing it from adipose tissues and fat    See Answer
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