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QUESTION 1

1. The ---------------- of a neuron gatherinformation (from other neurons or from the environment)and turn it into a localized electrical signalcalled ----------------.

   	A.	dendrites; graded potentials
   	B.	axon terminal; neurotransmitters
   	C.	axon hillock; exocytosis
   	D.	cell body; action potentials
   	E.	axons; graded potentials

2.5 points   

QUESTION 2

1. Sensory neurons are also known as -------------- neurons andrelay information toward the CNS. Whereas motor neurons are alsoknown as ---------- neurons and relay information away from the CNStoward the effector tissue.

   	A.	afferent; efferent
   	B.	inter-; efferent
   	C.	inter-; afferent
   	D.	afferent; inter-
   	E.	efferent; afferent

2.5 points   

QUESTION 3

1. The function of myelin is to...

   (Select all correct answers)

   	A.	none of these are correct
   	B.	insulate nerve fibers (axons)
   	C.	phagocytize microorganisms
   	D.	increase transmission speed of action potentials

2.5 points   

QUESTION 4

1. Which of the following is/are true concerning the function ofthe nervous system? (Choose all that are correct.)

   	A.	integrative function integrates, analyzes, and storesinformation
   	B.	motor function elicits proper response
   	C.	integrative function detects internal and external stimuli
   	D.	motor function of the nervous system integrates, analyzes, andstores information
   	E.	sensory function of the nervous system detects internal andexternal stimuli

2.5 points   

QUESTION 5

1. The spaces between myelination are called:

   	A.	oligodendrocytes
   	B.	satellite cells
   	C.	schwann cells
   	D.	nodes of ranvier
   	E.	saltatory conduction

2.5 points   

QUESTION 6

1. During a relative refractory period of an action potential

   	A.	Another action potential can be fired, it just takes a greaterstimulus for the membrane potential to reach threshold
   	B.	Na+ channels are either already open or are inactivatedtherefore the membrane absolutely can not produce another actionpotential, no matter how intense the stimulus
   	C.	Ca++ flows out of the cell, causing hyperpolarization and a needfor a greater stimulus to generate the action potential
   	D.	The presynaptic neuron \"tells\" the postsynaptic neuron about the\"relative\" strength of signal
   	E.	None of the above are correct

2.5 points   

QUESTION 7

1. Which ion channel opens/closes in response to a chemical (ex.neurotransmitter, drug, hormone) binding to it?

   	A.	leak channels
   	B.	ligand gated channels
   	C.	voltage gated channels
   	D.	mechanically gated channels

2.5 points   

QUESTION 8

1. A graded potential that moves the membrane potential furtheraway from threshold is:

   	A.	action potential
   	B.	resting membrane potential
   	C.	depolarization
   	D.	hyperpolarization
   	E.	excitation

2.5 points   

QUESTION 9

1. Acetylcholinesterase is:

   	A.	An enzyme present on both the postsynaptic membrane and in thesynaptic cleft; it inactivates acetylcholine by breaking it intoacetate and choline.
   	B.	An enzyme present in the postsynaptic membrane and in thesynaptic cleft which inactivates the catecholamines.
   	C.	An enzyme responsible for making acetylcholine from acetate andcholine.
   	D.	An enzyme responsible for converting dopamine intonorepinephrine.
   	E.	Two of the above are correct.

2.5 points   

QUESTION 10

1. Rank the following, based on speed of Action Potentialconduction (propagation) through the axon, from slowest tofastest.

         -       I.      II.       III.      IV.        

   myelinated axon with a diameter of 20 micrometers

   
         -       I.      II.       III.      IV.        

   unmyelinated axon with a diameter of 10 micrometers

   
         -       I.      II.       III.      IV.        

   myelinated axon with a diameter of 12 micrometers

   
         -       I.      II.       III.      IV.        

   unmyelinated axon with a diameter of 2 micrometers

2.5 points   

QUESTION 11

1. Which of the following is true of the Nodes of Ranvier?

   	A.	They are produced by microglia in the central nervous system andsatellite cells in the peripheral nervous system.
   	B.	They are located along the axon of a neuron and have a highconcentration of voltage-gated Ca++ channels.
   	C.	They are areas of myelination which prevent loss of chargeacross the plasma membrane of the neuron.
   	D.	They are located on neuronal axons, at the gaps betweenmyelination. There is a high concentration of voltage gated Na+channels and voltage gated K+ channels which allow for theproduction of action potentials at the Nodes of Ranvier.
   	E.	They increase the loss of charge along the plasma membrane of aneuron.

2.5 points   

QUESTION 12

1. Speed of conduction (propagation) of an action potential isincreased by:

   	A.	increased diameter of an axon & myelination
   	B.	decreased diameter of an axon & myelination
   	C.	increased diameter of an axon & non-myelination
   	D.	decreased diameter of an axon & non-myelination
   	E.	none of the above

2.5 points   

QUESTION 13

1. Saltatory conduction is:

   	A.	The dissolving of salt (NaCl) into the blood, thereby affectingosmolarity of blood.
   	B.	Synaptic transmission about dietary intake of salt.
   	C.	The way two neurons communicate with each other-- information\"jumps\" back and forth from one neuron to another neuron.
   	D.	The apparent \"jumping\" of action potentials from node of ranvierto node of ranvier.
   	E.	A special name for the generation of an action potential down anunmyelinated axon.

2.5 points   

QUESTION 14

1. Which of the following is true of cholinergicreceptors:

1. 	A.	Collectively
   	B.	Spatially
   	C.	Chronically
   	D.	Temporally
   	E.	Tonically

2.5 points   

QUESTION 40

1. One neuron synapses onto the dendrite of one neuron. Thepresynaptic neuron fires one action potential and releasesneurotransmitter into the synapse, yet it is not strong enough togenerate an action potential in the postsynaptic neuron. But, ifthis presynaptic neuron fires multiple action potentials in a shortperiod of time, the postsynaptic neuron reaches threshold. Thisprocess is called --------------.

   	A.	EPSP/IPSP cancellation
   	B.	Temporal summation
   	C.	Chronicle summation
   	D.	Spatial summation
   	E.	Tonical summation